在派对之星的开发日常中,一位同事悄悄开启了一段街机梦。从发现他写下的技术随笔开始,我们踏上了一场关于如何打造一台真正街机的探索之旅——还原经典,也致敬热爱。
你可能难以相信,我们有位同事竟顺手开发了一款街机游戏。
正文如下:
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最近常看到有人怀旧街机的辉煌,或分享在游戏厅的新发现,但很多人其实并未真正理解当下街机的本质。因此写下此文,旨在科普当前街机的发展现状与技术原理,帮助大家更清晰地认识这一领域。文中所述内容均来自公开网络信息,不涉机密,可放心阅读。
真羡慕阿B和米忽悠公司,办公室里都配备了街机,员工休闲时能痛快玩上一把。反观我们公司,唯一的娱乐设备还是个叫月光宝盒的破旧模拟器,按键失灵没人管,报修也没人理,想自己拆修又不敢动手,只能干瞪眼,心里真是又酸又无奈,简直太让人崩溃了。
Part 1.框
谈及街机,其庞大的外壳即框体尤为关键。一个理想的街机框体需具备稳固结构、合理布局与良好散热等特性。
确保日常游玩时设备稳固,避免玩家碰撞导致移位。
维修时便于移动,无死角问题。
将框体内外电子元件牢固固定,确保稳定可靠。
在计划运营周期内,能适应多种摆放环境,不易快速老化,避免频繁更换框体带来的成本。
外观契合游戏风格,设计独特醒目,便于玩家在众多界面中快速识别与定位。
首先强调稳定性问题。要实现稳定,结构必须足够厚重。若框架过于轻薄,轻则导致使用过程中晃动,重则引发整体松散甚至坍塌。对于骑行类或封闭式座舱设备,更可能造成游客受伤,威胁人身安全。为确保稳固性,框架通常选用密度板作为核心内材,以提升整体强度与可靠性。
主体通常采用密度板,研发方会依据游戏主题进行外观设计。可选材料多样:追求质感可用铝板,简易装饰可选塑料,透光区域适用亚克力,旗帜部分则直接使用布料。无论选用何种材质,所有接缝与转角必须打磨平滑,确保不会对人体造成伤害,安全始终是设计中的首要考量。
Part 2.电路
电路是街机在物理层面的具体体现,涵盖所有实体部件,如指示灯、读卡器、触摸条、按钮等硬件设备。
Part 2.1.基板
基板是街机设备中最核心的硬件部分,负责承载和运行游戏程序,相当于整个系统的大脑。该术语源自日语对PCB(印刷电路板)的称呼電子回路基板。在街机发展初期,游戏运行平台确实是一块独立的物理电路板,因此常被称为PCB。随着技术演进和术语传播,PCB逐渐被基板所取代,并传入中国沿用至今。例如20世纪70年代Atari公司开发的Discrete Logic系统,就是一块典型的早期基板,经典游戏打砖块便是在此平台上运行。这种以专用硬件支持单一或系列游戏的形式,奠定了街机时代的技术基础,也使基板成为衡量街机性能的关键部件。
在街机基板的发展历程中,许多广为人知的家用游戏主机曾被改造为街机运行平台。例如NES、Xbox、GameCube、N64以及Saturn等设备,都曾以魔改形式进入街机领域。这类改造之所以可行,一方面是因为这些主机原本就是专为游戏设计,在图形处理、运算能力和输入输出接口方面具备良好基础;另一方面,厂商也希望借此拓展新的商业渠道,提升硬件利用率。其中最具代表性的案例之一是基于PlayStation 3深度定制的NAMCO SYSTEM 357,它支持了多款高规格街机游戏,成为后期主流基板之一。直到近年仍有作品沿用此平台,比如2019年推出的太鼓达人街机版 绿便运行于该系统之上。然而随着技术演进,高度专用化的定制基板逐渐难以满足开发效率与性能需求。自2020年起,行业趋势转向通用性强、生态完善且算力更强的x86架构。同年发布的太鼓达人街机版 2020(又称虹版)已正式采用基于Intel x86架构的新型定制主机作为运行平台,标志着街机产业进一步融入现代计算体系,也反映出标准化、模块化在商用娱乐设备中的持续深化。
Part 2.2.外围电路
在街机游戏的外围电路设计中,有一个关键组织不容忽视——日本娱乐机器工业协会(Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association),简称JAMMA。该协会在日本制定了一项重要技术规范,即JAMMA Video Standard,缩写为JVS。尽管JVS在发展过程中承担过多种功能,但其最具持久影响力的部分,是为游戏交互式电路设备建立统一标准。其中最核心的成果便是确立了一套通用的物理连接接口,这一接口后来被广泛称为JAMMA接口。此接口极大简化了街机主板与控制面板之间的连接方式,使不同厂商的设备得以兼容,推动了行业标准化进程。在此后的多年里,日本各大厂商在设计街机输入输出控制板时,普遍沿用这一规范,相关端口也一直被称为JVS Port。即便近年来部分企业如SEGA在新机型中开始启用新的命名体系,但JVS所奠定的技术基础及其历史地位仍不可忽视,它深刻影响了整个街机产业的硬件架构演进。
JVS或外围电路应具备多种功能要求。
模拟信号的输入与输出
数字信号的输入与输出
可控制为12V、5V、3.3V等低压设备供电。
负责处理游戏按键、投币信号输入,控制灯光显示及投币器锁定输出,确保设备在维护或停业时不会被误操作,保障机体物理功能稳定运行。
Capcom NAOMI Converter 98701 ver 2.0 JAMMA转换板,用于街机基板连接,图片源自网络。
需搭配专用基板接口使用。
SEGA 837-14572 I/O Board JVS。 图片来源。
2010年推出的初音未来:歌姬计划 街机版采用RS485转串口技术,实现与基于Windows Embedded Standard 2009系统(与Windows XP共享相同内核)的RingEdge基板通信,摆脱了对专用设备的依赖,提升了系统兼容性与维护便利性,为街机平台的稳定运行提供了技术支持。
SEGA 837-15257 I/O Control Board For U*** 图片来源。
最新SEGA ALLS系列基板所用的I/O转接板,已取消JVS命名。
有人问为什么刷卡不属于这一块?问得好!当年根本没有刷卡这回事,所以各大厂商在设计刷卡器时,普遍采用RS485串口或其他便捷方式直接通信,无需考虑如今的复杂集成。
在当前环境下,I/O转接板依然不可或缺。它不仅能确保输入输出信号的精准与可控,还能有效将信号定向传输至游戏内部,避免操作过程中意外弹出资源管理器等干扰情况,保障游戏体验的流畅与稳定。
遇到 Windows 蓝屏,只能无奈面对。图片源自人群里偶然发现的一张搞笑图。
初音未来:歌姬计划 街机版 未来旋律于2013年由SEGA推出,运行于SEGA Nu平台,搭载Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Pro系统,是一款结合音乐节奏与虚拟偶像元素的街机游戏,延续了系列经典玩法并优化操作体验。
Part 3.软件
软件的发展始终与硬件平台的演进紧密相连。早期游戏依赖直接烧录ROM运行,受限于硬件性能,开发者必须极致优化以榨取基板潜力。随后,为特定游戏主机定制或改装基板成为主流,软件开发围绕专用硬件展开。如今,随着Windows x86架构的普及,游戏开发逐渐转向通用计算平台,不再拘泥于特定硬件的极限压榨。Unity、Unreal等高性能引擎在Windows环境下蓬勃发展,使开发重心回归游戏内容本身。相较过去,现代游戏软件的开发流程已趋近于普通应用程序的构建方式,技术门槛降低,工具链成熟,使得创作更注重玩法与体验,而非底层硬件的挣扎。
Part 4.网络
网络这一概念在国内街机环境中,实际上涵盖了服务器存档、联网功能、刷卡系统等多个组成部分。由于国内政策限制,早年在海外流行的许多外国街机游戏几乎未能正式进入大陆市场。即便有少量进口机台流入国内,游戏开发商也不愿无偿提供其耗费大量精力开发的联网服务。因此,一种被称为写网的特殊方式应运而生——通过逆向分析游戏的联网协议,自行搭建模拟服务器,并配套实现自定义的卡片认证系统,为玩家提供非官方的联网体验。这种行为基本依赖爱好者自发投入,属于典型的用爱发电。正是在这种艰难条件下,国内街机文化默默坚持了十余年,逐步积累起核心玩家群体。如今,像舞萌DX等日本主流街机游戏通过正规渠道引进并推出国服代理版本,标志着行业迈向规范化发展的新阶段。尽管部分歌曲因审查原因被删减,影响了原版体验,但整体仍被视为积极信号。与此同时,运营方也进行了本地化调整,例如引入微信扫码注册会员等功能。虽然传统刷卡的仪式感有所削弱,但此举有助于降低门槛,吸引更多普通用户参与,从扩大市场的角度看,不失为一种务实的折中方案。
街机安全:攻防博弈中的技术较量
早期街机游戏运行在专用硬件基板上,若想在家体验,唯一办法就是购买整台设备。当时电脑性能有限,无法模拟基板运行游戏。为防止玩家私自拆走基板,厂商开始采用加密狗进行防盗保护,一旦系统未检测到合法认证的加密狗,游戏程序将自动终止运行,确保软件不被非法复制和使用。
如今街机基板多基于Windows系统开发,若能将游戏复制出来,是否就能直接在个人电脑上运行了?
对,也不全对。
目前的Windows基板虽然采用的是标准的x86(AMD64)架构,但在实际应用中仍进行了大量定制化调整。例如,某些特定型号的JVS I/O板会通过专用的PCI扩展卡进行信号分发,主板上还可能集成SRAM芯片用于保存系统配置信息。此外,一些特殊的GPIO接口会连接一排指拨开关,用以手动调节游戏的特定参数或运行模式,这些功能均依赖于专属硬件的支持。为加强安全性,防止游戏机台在街机厅中被非法拆卸或数据窃取,厂商通常会对内置硬盘启用BitLocker加密技术。即便硬盘被物理拆下,未授权用户也无法读取其中内容,从而有效保护游戏程序和资源不被复制或篡改。这类软硬件结合的防护手段,显著提升了盗版和破解的难度,保障了游戏运营的稳定与安全。
然而,世上并不存在绝对安全的防护手段。即便采用特殊硬件设备,攻击者仍可通过Windows系统中常见的钩子技术模拟出虚拟设备,进而突破保护机制。近年来,诸如BitLocker等加密技术陆续出现破解方法,说明加密防护也并非牢不可破。相比之下,街机游戏在安全防护上面临的挑战远大于手机游戏。手机游戏一旦安装,开发商实际上已默认授权玩家在本地存储并运行游戏数据;而街机则不同,其游戏内容通常随基板一同分发,必须确保游戏本体不会被未授权者轻易获取,这使得防破解的设计更加复杂和严苛。
Part 6.综述
街机涉及诸多细节,从整体结构与游戏设计,到细微的输入传感器选择,无不体现其复杂性。它融合多学科知识,堪称游戏开发中打造互动机器的综合工程,对跨领域专业能力要求极高。
讲这么多科普有意义吗?
这款云朵裤,上身超舒服,内穿外穿都合适~<|endoftext|>The
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